Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the management of benign biliary strictures: What’s new?

Table 2 Classification for benign biliary strictures

Bismuth classification
I	Low CHD stricture, > 2 cm distal to hilum
II	Proximal CHD stricture, < 2 cm distal do hilum
III	Hilar involvement up to proximal extent of CHD, but confluence preserved
IV	Confluence involved, no communication between left and right ducts
V	Type I, II or III plus stricture of an isolated (aberrant) right duct
Strasberg classification
A	Small duct injury in continuity with biliary system, with cystic duct leak
B	Injury to sectoral duct with consequent obstruction
C	Injury to sectoral duct with consequent bile leak from a duct not in continuity with biliary system
D	Injury lateral to extrahepatic ducts
E1	Stricture located > 2 cm from bile duct confluence
E2	Stricture located < 2 cm from bile duct confluence
E3	Stricture located at bile duct confluence
E4	Stricture involving right and left bile ducts
E5	Complete occlusion of all bile ducts

CHD: Common hepatic duct.