Combination of two-hour post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography amylase levels and cannulation times is useful for predicting post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

Table 5 Previous reports of hourly variations in post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography amylase levels

Ref.	Year	n	Time1(h)	Amylasecut off	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	Definition of PEP
LaFerla et al[23]	1986	20	2	800	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	Unlikely	Amy > 1200
Gottlieb et al[24]	1996	231	2	276	82	76	15	98	Consensus criteria
Testoni et al[25]	1999	409	2	5 ×	23.1	98.2	46.2	94.9	Amy > 5 × ULN
			4	5 ×	53.8	95	42.4	96.8
			8	5 ×	76.9	96.9	62.5	98.4
Testoni et al[26]	2001	1185	6-8	3 ×	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	100	Pancreatic type pain
Thomas et al[27]	2001	263	4	2 ×	90	92.9	24.3	99.6	Consensus criteria
			4	3 ×	70	95.3	36.8	98.8
Kapetanos et al[28]	2007	97	2	3 ×	72	79	32	95	Consensus criteria
			6	3 ×	82	75	30	97
Ito et al[16]	2007	1291	3	3 ×	77	n.d.	29	n.d.	Amy > 1 × ULN,
			6	3 ×	85	n.d.	24	n.d.	with pain at 24 h
Nishino et al[29]	2009	1631	4	3 ×	89.8	72.9	12.7	99.4	Consensus criteria
			4	4 ×	84.7	80.4	16	99.2
Artifon et al[30]	2010	300	4	1.5 ×	77	63	26	94	Consensus criteria
Sutton et al[15]	2011	959	4	2.5 ×2	80	80.4	11.1	99.2	Consensus criteria
			4	2.5 ×3	100	91.8	4.3	100	(mod/severe only)
Our study	2015	1403	2	2 ×	85.5	85.8	19.8	99.3	Consensus criteria
			2	2 ×4	96.4	68.8	11.2	99.8

¹Hourly variations in serum amylase measurements after the procedure;

²With pancreatogram;

³Without pancreatogram;

⁴Longer cannulation time. Consensus criteria: Amy > 3 × ULN with pain at 24 h. n.d.: Not described; ULN: Upper limit of normal.