Submucosal tunnel endoscopy: Peroral endoscopic myotomy and peroral endoscopic tumor resection

Table 6 Indications and contraindications of peroral endoscopic tumor resection

Absolute indications

Suspected or confirmed GIST of the esophagus and gastric cardia larger than 2-3 cm and lower than 5 cm, and tumor growth on follow-up

Suspected or confirmed leiomyoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia larger than > 2-3 cm and < 5 cm

Esophageal or gastric cardia SMTs in elderly with comorbidities and non-surgical candidates completed the above criteria (only in experienced hands and specialized centers)

POET does not exclude surgery. Complete histological diagnosis possible with POET

Relative indications

Esophageal and gastric SMT more than 5 cm (full-thickness resection using submucosal tunnel technique possible) (in experienced hands and specialized centers only and within studies)

Contraindication

Suspected or proved malignancy of SMTs

GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; POET: Peroral endoscopic tumor resection; SMT: Submucosal tumor.