Evidence to suggest adoption of water exchange deserves broader consideration: Its pain alleviating impact occurs in 90% of investigators

Table 4 Investigator number 8, significant differences associated with increase in real-time maximum insertion pain score among methods, n (%)

	WE (n = 28)	WI (n = 28)	AICD (n = 24)	P value
Females and males, abdominal pain as indication	11 (39.3)	2 (7.1)	7 (29.2)	0.0171
				WE vs WI 0.0042
				WE vs AICD 0.4462
				WI vs AICD 0.0642
Females with abdominal pain as indication	9 (32.1)	1 (3.6)	3 (12.5)	0.0081
				WE vs WI 0.0052
				WE vs AICD 0.0592
				WI vs AICD 0.3522
Females with abdominal pain as indication and previous abdominal surgery	6 (21.4)	1 (3.6)	1 (4.2)	0.0311
				WE vs WI 0.0432
				WE vs AICD 0.0692
				WI vs AICD 0.9112

¹ANOVA;

²χ²; n: Number of patients; WE: Water exchange for insertion, insufflation with air or CO₂ for withdrawal; WI: Water immersion for insertion, insufflation with air or CO₂ for withdrawal; AICD: Insufflation with air or CO₂ for insertion and withdrawal; SD: Standard deviation; BMI: Body mass index.