Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Risk factors and predictors of severity

Table 1 Risk factors for pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography n (%)

	No pancreatitis	Pancreatitis	P-value
	894 (89.9)	102 (10.2)
Patient related factors
Median age (yr)	60	48	0.0001
Age group
< 35	32 (7.2)	20 (39.2)	0.0001
> 35	415 (92.8)	31 (60.8)
Sex
Male	510 (57)	44 (43.1)	0.05
Female	384 (43)	58 (56.9)
Median serum bilirubin (mg%)	10.6	12.5	0.76
< 2	124 (88.6)	16 (11.4)
> 2	770 (90)	86 (10)	0.72
Median CBD diameter (mm)	16	10	0.0001
< 10	70 (7.8)	58 (56.9)
> 10	824 (92.2)	44 (43.1)	0.0001
Indication for ERCP
Malignant	402 (45)	40 (39.2)	0.43
Benign	492 (55)	62 (60.8)
Type of papilla
Normal	540 (60.4)	56 (54.9)	0.01
Atrophic	18 (2)	8 (7.8)
Pregnant	68 (7.6)	2 (2)
Tumour	64 (7.2)	4 (3.9)
Redundant	66(7.4)	12 (11.8)
Juxtadivericular	68 (7.6)	16 (15.7)
Small	60 (6.6)	2 (2)
Long	10 (1.1)	2 (2)
Procedure related factors
Number of cannulation attempts
< 5	660 (73.9)	58 (56.9)	0.01
≥ 6	234 (26.1)	44 (43.1)
Number of pancreatic cannulations	0	2	0.0001
< 3 times	864 (96.6)	60 (58.8)
> 3 times	28 (3.4)	42 (41.2)	0.0001
Method of cannulation
Conventional	640 (89.4)	76 (10.6)	0.7
Precut	252 (90.6)	26 (9.4)
Biliary sphincter balloon dilatation
No	654 (73.2)	86 (84.3)	0.08
Yes	240 (26.8)	16 (15.7)

CBD: Common bile duct; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography