Advances in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

Figure 2 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-directed photodynamic therapy followed by unilateral metal stenting. A: Fluoroscopic view of a photodynamic therapy laser fiber delivered through a 10-Fr-bougie catheter during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The portion of the fiber that emits laser light is demarcated by the black dot (dashed arrow). The proximal-most tip of the fiber is not visible fluoroscopically (solid arrow) but is located near the biliary confluence; B: An 8 mm x 6 cm uncovered self-expandable metal stent was placed across a malignant stricture that involved the right hepatic duct and common hepatic duct.