Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jun 25, 2015; 7(7): 702-713
Published online Jun 25, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i7.702
Table 1 Etiology of gastrointestinal leaks and fistula
Diagnostic endoscopy including endoscopic ultrasound
Dilation: bougie, balloon, achalasia
Polypectomy/EMR/ESD
Foreign body
Endoscopic variceal therapy including ligation
POEM
Anastomotic dehiscence
Boerhaave’s syndrome
Diverticulitis
Laser
PEG
Endoscopic sphincterotomy
Biliary stent migration
Ampullectomy
Appendicular abscess
Empyema