Clinical outcomes of self-expandable stent placement for benign esophageal diseases: A pooled analysis of the literature

Table 7 Overall mortality in 643 patients treated with self-expandable stents for benign esophageal leaks, perforations and fistulae n (%)

Overall mortality	64 (10.0)
Stent-related	3 (0.5)
Sepsis-related	23 (3.6)
Multi-organ failure	5 (0.8)
Cerebral embolism/cerebrovascular accident	2 (0.3)
Heart insufficiency/cardiac disease	2 (0.3)
Pneumonia	2 (0.3)
Malignancy	2 (0.3)
Non stent-related bleeding	1 (0.2)
Respiratory insufficiency without sepsis	1 (0.2)
Pulmonary embolism	1 (0.2)
Acute respiratory distress syndrome	1 (0.2)
Pulmonary aspiration after healing of leak	1 (0.2)
Aortic dissection	1 (0.2)
Tension pneumothorax	1 (0.2)
Paraspinal abscess related to persistent fistula	1 (0.2)
Full-blown AIDS	1 (0.2)
Aspiration during contrast study	1 (0.2)
Multiple emboli caused by esophago-atrial fistula	1 (0.2)
Active euthanasia	1 (0.2)
Not specified	13 (2.0)