Advanced endoscopic imaging of indeterminate biliary strictures

Figure 1 Representative fluorescence in situ hybridization microscopic image. Shown above are individual cells from biliary brushings showing distinct fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results (arranged from lowest to highest risk of malignancy) using centromere enumeration probes (CEPs) to chromosomes 3 (red), 7 (green), 17 (aqua) and the 9p21 locus (gold). Potential FISH results include negative (two copies of each probe), trisomy 7 (≥ 10 cells with ≥ 3 CEP 7 signals and ≤ 2 signals for the other probes), tetrasomy (≥ 10 cells with four signals for all four probes), and polysomy (≥ 5 cells with ≥ 3 signals for ≥ 2 of the four probes).