Copyright
©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Dec 10, 2015; 7(18): 1268-1278
Published online Dec 10, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i18.1268
Published online Dec 10, 2015. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v7.i18.1268
Table 1 Potential etiologies of indeterminate biliary stricture
| Benign |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis |
| IgG4-associated cholangiopathy |
| Postoperative stricture (anastomotic, ischemic, cholecystectomy-related) |
| Ischemia (e.g., hepatic artery thrombosis) |
| Infections (HIV cholangiopathy, parasites) |
| Pancreatitis (acute, chronic, autoimmune) |
| Choledocholithiasis |
| Mirizzi syndrome |
| Eosinophilic cholangitis |
| Vasculitis |
| Radiation |
| Portal biliopathy |
| Malignant |
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
| Cholangiocarcinoma |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Lymphoma |
| Metastatic adenocarcinoma (e.g., compressive lymphadenopathy) |
- Citation: Tabibian JH, Visrodia KH, Levy MJ, Gostout CJ. Advanced endoscopic imaging of indeterminate biliary strictures. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 7(18): 1268-1278
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v7/i18/1268.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v7.i18.1268