Cutting edge of endoscopic full-thickness resection for gastric tumor

Figure 2 Illustration of the procedure for classical laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery. A: A circumferential incision is made using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) devices and techniques; B: An artificial perforation is performed from the inside of the stomach and a seromuscular incision is performed along the incision line with laparoscopic assistance. A laparoscopic incision of the remaining seromuscular layer is performed; C: The defect closure of the gastric wall is performed by laparoscopic linear staplers.