Upper non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding - review the effectiveness of endoscopic hemostasis methods

Table 2 Complete rockall risk scoring system for assessment after an episode of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding[12]

Variables	Score 0	Score 1	Score 2	Score 3
Age	Younger than 60 yr	60-79 yr	80 yr or older	-
Shock symptoms, systolic blood pressure, heart rate	Shock absent, blood pressure 100 mmHg or greater, heart rate 100 bpm or greater	Tachycardia, blood pressure 100 mmHg or greater, heart rate 100 bpm or greater	Hypotension, blood pressure less than 100 mmHg	-
Comorbidities	No major comorbidity	-	Heart failure, coronary artery disease, any major comorbidity	Renal failure, liver failure, disseminated malignancy
Endoscopic diagnosis	Mallory-Weiss tear or no lesion identified, and no stigmata of recent hemorrhage	All other diagnoses	Malignancy of upper GI tract	-
Stigmata of recent hemorrhage	Low-risk	-	High-risk	-

Low-risk stigmata of bleeding: Clean base ulcer, pigmented spots; High-risk stigmata of bleeding: Adherent clot, visible or spurting vessel, active bleeding; Bpm: Beats per minute; GI: Gastrointestinal.