Small bowel capsule endoscopy: Where are we after almost 15 years of use?

Table 3 Comparison of different diagnostic modalities in Crohn’s disease

Ref.	Country	Design	No. of patients	Comparator	Yield of CE, (%)	Yield of Comparator, (%)	Significant difference? (yes/no)	CE superior? (yes/no)	Other
Marmo et al[117]	Italy	RCT	31	SB radiography (enteroclysis)	71	26	Yes	Yes	Terminal ileum: yield 89% vs 37% Proximal SB: yield only 46% vs 13%
Chong et al[208]	Australia	Blinded prospective trial	43	SB enteroclysis PE	77 77	19 14	Yes Yes	Yes Yes	Results are in patients with a history of CD
Triester et al[81]	United States	Meta-analysis and Systematic review	250	SB barium radiography	63	23	Yes	Yes	NNT = 3 to yield one additional diagnosis with CE
			114	Colonoscopy with ileoscopy	61	46	Yes	Yes	NNT = 7 to yield one additional diagnosis with CE
			93	CT enterography/CT enteroclysis	69	30	Yes	Yes
			84	PE	46	8	Yes	Yes
			18	MR enterography	72	50	No	Yes
Solem et al[118]	United States	Blinded prospective trial	41	CT enterography Colonoscopy with ileoscopy Small bowel follow-through	83 83 83	83 74 65	No No No	No Yes Yes	Specificity of CE (53%) was significantly lower than the other tests
Pasha et al[95]	United States	Meta-analysis and Systematic review	343	DBE	18	16	No	No
Dionisio et al[115]	United States	Meta-analysis and Systematic review	428	SB barium radiography	52	16	Yes	Yes
			236	Colonoscopy with ileoscopy	47 (71)1	25 (36)	Yes	Yes	Suspected CD (Established CD)
			119	CT enterography	68 (71)	21 (39)	Yes	Yes	Suspected CD (Established CD)
			102	PE	66	9	Yes	Yes	Established CD
			123	MR enterography	55 (70)	45 (79)	No	Yes (no)	Suspected CD (Established CD)
Lu et al[116]	China	Retrospective Study	50	Colonoscopy with ileoscopy	96	66	Yes	Yes	Combination of two methods showed a higher yield, but no significant differences were reported between each two examinations
			34	CT enterography	96	85	Yes	Yes
			39	Small bowel follow-through	96	67	Yes	Yes

¹Extra information between brackets is specific for Established Crohn’s disease. PE: Push enteroscopy; CE: Capsule endoscopy; SB: Small bowel; NNT: Number needed to treat; DBE: Double balloon enteroscopy; RCT: Randomized controlled trial.