Updates on gastric electrical stimulation to treat obesity: Systematic review and future perspectives

Table 7 Comparison of stimulation variables by different devices

Device (total number of studies)	Operation technique				Electrode implanted layer							Device active after n weeks				Type of pulse				Endoscopy			Postop image
	L	O	E	NR	M	SM	Mus	SMus	SS	V	NR	0	≤3 (1 ≤)	4 ≤	NR	Lo	T	NR	UC	Y	N	NR	XR	E-US	B	NR
TANTALUS® (8)	8	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	4		1	0	1	6	1	0	0	6	2	3	0	5	1	0	0	7
IGS-Transcend® (13)	121	21	0	1	0	0	2	4	1		52 (14)	0	43	93	0	0	9	3 (14)	0	7	5 (14)	0	5	15	15	7 (14)
RGES (3)	0	0	3	0	36	36	0	0	0		0	3	0	0	0	27	27	0	0	3	0	0	2	0	0	1
Vagal (3)	3	0	0	0						3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	3
Pacing (4)	21	21	2	0	26	16	2	0	0		0	2	0	1	1	28	18	1	1	4	0	0	2	0	0	2
Total (33)	25	4	5	1	8	4	4	4	5	3	6 (14)	5	9	16	2	4	12	10 (14)	6	17	5 (14)	8	10	1	1	20 (14)

¹Two studies implanted leads either by laparoscopic or open approach;

²Two studies reported “gastric wall”, but did not specify which particular layer;

³One study activated its device after 3 or 4 wk, so each category was counted once;

⁴No full text for LOSS trial, and this information was also not provided on another study, which reviewed this particular trial;

⁵One study did both X-ray and endoscopic USS. Similarly another study did both X-ray and GI Barium test;

⁶Implanted electrodes in mucosa and submucosa (3 studies in RGES; 1 study in Gastric Pacing);

⁷One study carried out two different pulses;

⁸One study carried out two different pulses. L: Laparoscopic; O: Open; E: Endoscopic; NR: Not reported; M: Mucosa; SM: Submucosa; Mus: Muscular; SMus: Seromuscular; SS: Subserosa; V: Vagal nerve; Lo: Long pulse; T: Train of short pulses; UC: Uncertain; Y: Yes; N: No; XR: X-ray; E-US: Endoscopic ultrasound scan; B: Gastrointestinal Barium test.