Endoscopic ultrasonography for surveillance of individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer

Table 2 Endoscopic ultrasound-based studies on screening for individuals at risk for pancreatic cancer

Ref.	No. of patients	High-risk groups	Imaging test	Target lesions	Diagnostic yield	Limits of the study
Brentnall et al[21]	14	FPC	EUS + ERCP + CT	PanIN ≥ 2	50%
Kimmey et al[104]	46	FPC	EUS	PanIN ≥ 2	26%
Canto et al[22]	38	FPC, PJS	EUS	IPMN, PC	5.30%	Low PPV
Canto et al[23]	78	FPC, PJS	EUS	IPMN, PC, PanIN ≥ 2	10.20%
Poley et al[135]	44	FPC, PJS, FAMMM	EUS	IPMN, PC	22.70%	No pathological confirmation of IPMN
Langer et al[103]	76	FPC, FAMMM	EUS + MRCP	IPMN	1.30%	Moderate risk patients
Verna et al[162]	51	FPC, FBOC	EUS and/or MRCP	IPMN, PC, PanIN ≥ 2	12%
Schneider et al[36]	72	FPC, FAMMM	EUS + MRCP	IPMN	12.50%	No pathological confirmation
Canto et al[110]	216	FPC, FBOC, PJS	EUS + CT + MRCP	IPMN, PC	39%	Mainly no pathological confirmation

FPC: Familial pancreatic cancer; PJS: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; FAMMM: Familial atypical multiple mole melanoma; FBOC: Familial breast ovarian cancer; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasonography; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; CT: Computed tomography; MRCP: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography; PanIN: Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia; IPMN: Intraductal pancreatic mucinous neoplasia; PC: Pancreatic cancer; PPV: Positive predictive value.