Clinical outcomes and risk factors for perforation in gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: A prospective pilot study

Table 1 Relationship between perforation and various factors

	Control (n = 90)	Perforation (n = 8)	P value
Patient-related factors
Age (yr)	70.8 ± 9.2	72.4 ± 7.5	NS
Sex, male/female	69/21	6/2	NS
Active alcohol drinking Positive/negative	40/50	4/4	NS
Active smokingPositive/negative	16/74	2/6	NS
Body mass index (kg/m2)	23.2 ± 2.9	23.0 ± 3.3	NS
Tumor-related factors
Macroscopic type: I/IIa/II b/IIc	9/43/2/36	0/5/0/3	NS
Location: Upper/middle/ lower	12/48/30	2/6/0	NS
Scar: Positive/negative	9/81	0/8	NS
Depth of invasion: M/SM and beyond	77/13	5/3	NS
Histology: DAC/poorly DAC/adenoma	5/6/1979	7/1/0	NS
Treatment-related factors
Operator: Experienced/ less-experienced	32/58	2/6	NS
Resected dimensions (cm2)	9.7 ± 6.0	24.0 ± 24.9	NS
Procedure time (min)	122.5 ± 75.6	203.1 ± 114.3	0.02
Clinical parameters
Body temperature	36.9 ± 0.5	37.3 ± 0.6	NS
White blood cell (/mL)	10566.9 ± 2903.6	9898.8 ± 3149.4	NS
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	1.5 ± 1.4	2.4 ± 1.3	0.04
Hospital stay (d)	10.5 ± 2.4	10.9 ± 1.5	NS

Data are expressed as mean ± SD. M: Intramucosal cancer and adenoma; SM: Submucosal invasive cancer; DAC: Differentiated-type adenocarcinoma; Poorly DAC: Poorly differentiated-type adenocarcinoma; NS: Not significant.