Usefulness of applying lidocaine in esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed under sedation with propofol

Table 4 Influence of lidocaine treatment on propofol dose (mg/kg per minute, adjusted for patient weight and examination time) in relation to patients’ individual characteristics

		Lidocaine	Placebo	Diff1	P2
Age, yr
< 65
	Total propofol dose	338.1 ± 138.7	292.0 ± 90.3	46.1 (-2.2, 94.4)	0.06
	Partial3 propofol dose	147.2 ± 165.6	128.9 ± 96.5	18.3 (-37.7, 74.3)	0.51
> 65
	Total propofol dose	203.6 ± 77.8	241.1 ± 68.0	-37.5 (-96.5, 21.5)	0.20
	Partial propofol dose	88.7 ± 61.6	102.3 ± 97.1	-13.6 (-80.8, 53.6)	0.67
Sex
Male
	Total propofol dose	280.0 ± 101.3	246.7 ± 69.6	33.3 (-19.2, 85.8)	0.20
	Partial propofol dose	97.3 ± 95.5	125.0 ± 108.0	-27.7 (-33.7, 89.1)	0.36
Female
	Total propofol dose	330.4 ± 157.0	299.6 ± 92.1	30.8 (-28.5, 90.0)	0.30
	Partial propofol dose	141.9 ± 175.2	137.5 ± 95.2	4.4 (-60.5, 69.3)	0.89
ASA classification
I-II
	Total propofol dose	336.5 ± 141.2	284.6 ± 91.2	51.9 (2.8, 100.9)	0.03
	Partial propofol dose	149.6 ± 164.5	122.1 ± 99.6	27.5 (-28.6, 83.6)	0.16
III-IV
	Total propofol dose	209.7 ± 70.0	265.7 ± 76.7	56.0 (-3.8, 115.8)	0.06
	Partial propofol dose	79.4 ± 63.3	125.0 ± 88.9	-45.6 (-19.3, 110.5)	0.16
Mallampati classification
I-II
	Total propofol dose	319.6 ± 140.0	284.3 ± 91.4	35.4 (-12.2, 83.0)	0.14
	Partial propofol dose	136.1 ± 159.2	117.7 ± 102.1	18.4 (-35.4, 72.2)	0.49
III-IV
	Total propofol dose	260.8 ± 130.7	263.6 ± 72.3	-2.8 (-96.0, 90.5)	0.95
	Partial propofol dose	130.8 ± 108.0	142.8 ± 69.9	-12.0 (-93.2, 69.2)	0.76
Drug abuse
Yes
	Total propofol dose	313.5 ± 115.2	327.6 ± 75.4	-14.1 (-156.1, 127.9)	0.82
	Partial propofol dose	96.1 ± 100.8	144.4 ± 73.8	-48.3 (-177.1, 80.5)	0.41
No
	Total propofol dose	310.5 ± 142.2	275.9 ± 88.2	34.6 (-10.2, 79.4)	0.12
	Partial propofol dose	138.9 ± 155.1	120.8 ± 98.6	18.1 (-31.1, 67.3)	0.46
Previous sedated EGD
Yes
	Total propofol dose	297.6 ± 116.3	226.1 ± 79.1	71.6 (-18.4, 161.7)	0.11
	Partial propofol dose	124.4 ± 129.5	132.9 ± 91.5	-8.5 (-110.1, 93.1)	0.86
No
	Total propofol dose	313.4 ± 144.4	292.3 ± 85.7	21.1 (-26.9, 69.1)	0.38
	Partial propofol dose	137.5 ± 157.0	120.4 ± 98.4	17.1 (-35.8, 70.0)	0.52

Quantitative and qualitative variables are expressed as average ± SD and as percentage with 95%CI, respectively.

¹Differences are expressed as RR with their respective absolute values; ²Values in bold are statistically significant;

³Measurements recorded from the time of endoscope insertion into the oral cavity up to the time of withdrawal, excluding the time of anaesthetic induction. ASA: American Society of Anaesthesiologists; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy.