Management of early gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms

doi:10.4253/wjge.v3.i7.133

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Jul 16, 2011; 3(7): 133-139
Published online Jul 16, 2011. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v3.i7.133

Table 7 Therapy of rectal NENs

	No risk factors (for metastatic disease)		Risk factors^a
Grade/Size	≤ 1.0 cm	1.1 - 2 cm	Any size
G1	EMR or polypectomy or ESD	Surgery^b (EMR or ESD in case of surgical risk or for carcinoids of 11-14 mm in diameter)	Surgery^b
G2	EMR, ESD, surgery^b	Surgery^b	Surgery^b
G3	-	-	Surgery^b

^arisk factors for metastatic disease are angioinvasion or infiltration of the muscularis propria, or tumor size of > 2cm;

^bsurgery only in localized NET/NEC disease and systemic medical therapy in advanced tumor/cancer disease. Adjuvant medical therapy is not established for curatively resected, well-differentiated NETs/carcinoids of the rectum. G3 neuroendocrine neoplasms of the rectum are always neuroendocrine carcinomas. EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: endoscopic submucosal dissection; NENs: Neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Citation: Scherübl H, Jensen RT, Cadiot G, Stölzel U, Klöppel G. Management of early gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 3(7): 133-139
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v3/i7/133.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v3.i7.133