Copyright
©2011 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastrointest Endosc. Feb 16, 2011; 3(2): 34-39
Published online Feb 16, 2011. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v3.i2.34
Published online Feb 16, 2011. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v3.i2.34
ASA PS | Health status | Comments-examples |
1 | Normal healthy patient | No organic, physiological or psychiatric disturbance; excludes the very young and very old; healthy with good exercise tolerance |
2 | Patients with mild systemic disease | No functional limitations; has a well-controlled disease of one body system; controlled hypertension or diabetes without systemic effects, cigarette smoking without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); mild obesity, pregnancy |
3 | Patients with severe systemic disease | Some functional limitation; has a controlled disease of more than one body system or one major system; no immediate danger of death; controlled congestive heart failure (CHF), stable angina, old heart attack, poorly controlled hypertension, morbid obesity, chronic renal failure; bronchospastic disease with intermittent symptoms |
4 | Patients with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life | Has at least one severe disease that is poorly controlled or at end stage; possible risk of death; unstable angina, symptomatic COPD, symptomatic CHF, hepatorenal failure |
5 | Moribund patients who are not expected to survive without the operation | Not expected to survive > 24 h without surgery; imminent risk of death; multiorgan failure, sepsis syndrome with hemodynamic instability, hypothermia, poorly controlled coagulopathy |
6 | A declared brain-dead patient who organs are being removed for donor purposes |
- Citation: Chainaki IG, Manolaraki MM, Paspatis GA. Deep sedation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopacreatography. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 3(2): 34-39
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v3/i2/34.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v3.i2.34