Effects of a training system that tracks the operator’s gaze pattern during endoscopic submucosal dissection on hemostasis

Table 1 Patient and lesion characteristics

Characteristics	Phase 1 before learning (n = 5)	Phase 2 after learning (n = 5)	P value (before learning vs after learning)
Patient characteristics
Sex, male, n (%)	4 (80.0)	4 (80.0)	1.000
Age, (years), mean ± SD	71.3 ± 5.2	65.4 ± 14.0	0.324
Use of anticoagulant agents, n (%)	1 (20.0)	2 (40.0)	1.000
Lesion characteristics
Tumor size (mm), mean ± SD	9.4 ± 3.8	9.4 ± 3.7	0.990
Tumor location, U:M:L	0:1:4	0:3:2	0.372
Pathology, pT1a: pT1b	5:0	5:0	0.182

P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Age and tumor size are expressed as the mean ± SD. L: Lower; M: Middle; U: Upper; pT1a: Pathological T1a; pT1b: Pathological T1b.