Outcomes of bile duct cannulation using a novel contrast-enhanced catheter: A single-center, retrospective cohort study

Table 4 Outcome of each group when an expert is the practitioner, n (%)

Character	Existing catheter group (n = 115)	Novel catheter group (n = 64)	P value
Cannulation success rate	97.3% (112/115)	98.4% (63/64)	0.55
Number of attempts of cannulation median (range)	2 (1-18)	2 (1-10)	0.67
Difficult cannulation (> 5 times)	37 (32.1)	11 (17.2)	0.021
Cannulation success rate with the standard technique	65.2% (75/115)	81.3% (52/64)	0.017
Rescue technique
Switch to sphincterotomes	6 (5.2)	0	0.067
Pancreatic duct GW method	9 (7.8)	1.6% (1/64)	0.073
Precut	22 (19.1)	15.6% (10/64)	0.36
Two devices in one channel method	0	0	-
Cannulation failure	3 (2.7)	1 (1.6)	0.55
Re-ERCP	1 (0.9)	0	0.64
EUS-HGS	1(0.9)	1 (1.6)	0.59
EUS-rendezvous	1 (0.9)	0	0.64
Adverse event
Total	8 (7.0)	2 (3.1)	0.24
Bleeding	1 (0.9)	0	0.64
PEP	7 (6.1)	2 (3.1)	0.31
Mild disease	6 (5.2)	1 (1.6)	0.39
Moderate disease	1 (0.9)	1 (1.6)	0.64
Severe disease	0	0	-

GW: Guide wire; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; EUS-HGS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy; EUS-rendezvous: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous technique; PEP: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.