Outcomes of bile duct cannulation using a novel contrast-enhanced catheter: A single-center, retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Outcomes for each group when a non-expert is the practitioner, n (%)

Character	Existing catheter group (n = 115)	Novel catheter group (n = 48)	P value
Cannulation success rate	99.1% (114/115)	100% (48/48)	0.71
Number of attempts of cannulation median (range)	4.5 (1-20)	5 (1-10)	0.67
Difficult cannulation (> 5 times)	56 (48.7)	25 (52.1)	0.73
Cannulation success rate with the standard technique	79.1% (91/115)	83.3% (40/48)	0.66
Rescue technique
Switch to sphincterotomes	2 (1.7)	0	0.47
Pancreatic duct GW method	5 (4.3)	1 (2.1)	0.67
Precut	13 (11.3)	7 (14.6)	0.60
Two devices in one channel method	1 (0.9)	0	0.69
Cannulation failure	1 (0.9)	0	0.69
Re-ERCP	0	0	-
EUS-HGS	1 (0.9)	0	0.69
EUS-rendezvous	0	0	-
Adverse event
Total	4 (3.5)	3 (6.3)	0.50
Bleeding	1 (0.9)	2 (4.2)	0.21
PEP	3 (2.6)	1 (2.1)	0.66
Mild disease	3 (2.6)	1 (2.1)	0.66
Moderate disease	0	0	-
Severe disease	0	0	-

GW: Guide wire; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; EUS-HGS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy; EUS-rendezvous: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous technique; PEP: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.