Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for patients aged ninety and older with choledocholithiasis: A single-center experience in south China

Table 2 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures in patients with choledocholithiasis in the case and control groups, n (%)

	Case group (n = 44)	Control group (n = 44)	P value
Successful intubation	41 (93.2)	41 (93.2)	1.000
Stone removal	29 (65.9)	36 (81.8)	0.118
Incomplete stone removal	12 (27.3)	5 (11.4)	0.092
General anaesthesia	4 (9.1)	0 (0)	0.125
Laryngeal surface anaesthesia	40 (90.9)	44 (100)	0.125
Sphincter of Oddi preincision	7 (15.9)	6 (13.6)	1.000
Previous EST	7 (15.9)	11 (25)	0.424
Intraoperative EST	31 (70.5)	28 (63.6)	0.629
EPBD	27 (61.4)	8 (18.2)	< 0.001
Mesh basket lithotripsy	18 (40.9)	19 (43.2)	1.000
Mechanical lithotripsy	28 (63.6)	26 (59.1)	0.832
ENBD	38 (86.4)	34 (77.3)	0.424
ERBD	3 (6.8)	2 (4.5)	1.000
The average times of ERCP procedures required for stone removal1	1.5 (1, 2)	2 (1, 3)	0.204
One ERCP for stone removal	16 (36.4)	16 (36.4)	1.000
Two ERCPs for stone removal	11 (25)	15 (34.1)	0.503
Three ERCPs for stone removal	3 (6.8)	5 (11.4)	0.688
Number of days in hospital1	15 (11.25, 23.75)	14.5 (9.25, 20.75)	0.815

¹Evaluation of the statistical significance of non-normally distributed measures in the data before and after matching was based on the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test, expressed as M (P25, P75).

EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.