Endoscopic vacuum assisted closure therapy for esophagopericardial fistula in a 16-year-old male: A case report

Figure 3 Serial endoscopic images of fistula closure. A: Initial upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for endoscopic vacuum assisted closure insertion, showing the esophageal opening leading to the fistulous tract of the pericardium and pleura (black arrow); B: The same opening 4 days later, with granulation tissue noted around the surrounding mucosa (black arrow); C: Fistula closed 15 days after device placement, with reduced inflammatory tissue and normalization of mucosa appearance (black arrow).