Predictors of stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection of the esophagus and steroids application

Table 1 Demographics and characteristics of patients included in the study

Variables	Oral group (n = 53)	Combined group (n = 67)	F/χ2	P value
Age (years, mean ± SD)	67.70 ± 1.06	66.49 ± 0.94	0.73	0.40
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	22.87 ± 0.43	22.77 ± 0.38	0.03	0.86
Gender (male, %)	33 (62.3)	51 (76.1)	2.71	0.10
Smoke (%)	13 (24.5)	15 (22.4)	0.08	0.78
Macroscopic type [n (%)]			2.08	0.35
0-IIa	11 (20.7)	9 (13.4)
0-IIb	32 (60.4)	39 (58.2)
0-IIc	10 (18.9)	19 (28.4)
Histopathologic diagnosis [n (%)]			2.08	0.35
High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia	25 (47.2)	26 (38.8)
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	28 (52.8)	41 (61.2)
Lesion circumference [n (%)]			2.66	0.10
< 5/6 and ≥ 3/4	37 (69.8)	37 (55.2)
≥ 5/6	16 (30.2)	30 (44.8)
Length of lesion (mm, mean ± SD)	61.36 ± 2.91	60.55 ± 2.59	0.04	0.84
Depth of invasion [n (%)]			1.04	0.60
M1/M2	40 (75.5)	49 (73.1)
M3/SM1	8 (15.1)	14 (20.9)
SM2	5 (9.4)	4 (6.0)
Additional chemoradiotherapy [n (%)]	7 (13.2)	10 (14.9)	0.22	0.90
Tumor location [n (%)]			0.07	0.78
Cervical and upper thoracic esophagus	13 (24.5)	13 (19.4)
Middle thoracic esophagus	24 (45.3)	36 (53.7)
Lower thoracic esophagus	16 (30.2)	18 (26.9)

M1: Intraepithelial; M2: Lamina propria; M3: Muscularis mucosae; SM1: < 200 µm from the muscularis mucosae; SM2: ≥ 200 µm from the muscularis mucosae.