Effect of vinegar supplementation on patients with esophageal lesions lightly stained with Lugol’s iodine solution: Prospective single-centre trial

Table 6 Subgroup analyses for biopsy pathology improved (intention-to-treat population)

Subgroup	Number (n)	Rate (%)	HR (95%CI)	P value
Male (n = 100)				0.043
Conventional group (n = 49)	4	8.16	1.00
Experimental group (n = 51)	11	21.57	3.285 (1.040, 10.375)
Female (n = 66)				0.227
Conventional group (n = 31)	3	9.68	1.00
Experimental group (n = 35)	6	17.14	2.356 (0.587, 9.449)
Age > 60 (n = 82)				0.035
Conventional group (n = 42)	4	9.52	1.00
Experimental group (n = 40)	9	22.50	3.609 (1.091, 11.933)
Age ≤ 60 (n = 84)				0.187
Conventional group (n = 38)	3	7.89	1.00
Experimental group (n = 46)	8	17.39	2.444 (0.648, 9.216)
Lesion size ≤ 0.5 cm (n = 119)				0.042
Conventional group (n = 54)	3	5.56	1.00
Experimental group (n = 65)	14	21.54	3.199 (1.042, 9.820)
Lesion size > 0.5cm (n = 47)				0.214
Conventional group (n = 26)	4	15.38	1.00
Experimental group (n = 21)	3	14.29	2.626 (0.573, 12.033)
Lesion in upper thoracic esophagus (n = 20)				0.440
Conventional group (n = 8)	1	12.50	1.00
Experimental group (n = 12)	2	16.67	2.610 (0.229, 29.702)
Lesion in middle thoracic esophagus (n = 96)				0.108
Conventional group (n = 52)	5	9.62	1.00
Experimental group (n = 44)	8	18.18	2.510 (0.817, 7.708)
Lesion in lower thoracic esophagus (n = 50)				0.112
Conventional group (n = 20)	1	5.00	1.00
Experimental group (n = 30)	7	23.33	5.485 (0.673, 44.705)
Undergone esophageal ESD previously (n = 65)				0.088
Conventional group (n = 29)	2	6.90	1.00
Experimental group (n = 36)	5	13.89	4.462 (0.799, 24.917)
Not undergone esophageal ESD previously (n = 101)				0.135
Conventional group (n = 51)	5	9.80	1.00
Experimental group (n = 50)	12	24.00	2.198 (0.783, 6.171)
Lesion biopsy: Squamous epithelial hyperplasia (n = 151)				0.056
Conventional group (n = 74)	5	6.76	1.00
Experimental group (n = 77)	11	14.29	2.820 (0.974, 8.161)
Lesion biopsy: Low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 15)				0.342
Conventional group (n = 6)	2	33.33	1.00
Experimental group (n = 9)	6	66.67	2.184 (0.436, 10.936)

HR: Hazard ratio; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.