Effect of vinegar supplementation on patients with esophageal lesions lightly stained with Lugol’s iodine solution: Prospective single-centre trial

Table 5 Subgroup analyses for endoscopic characteristics improved (intention-to-treat population)

Subgroup	Number (n)	Rate (%)	HR (95%CI)	P value
Male (n = 100)				0.008
Conventional group (n = 49)	7	14.29	1.00
Experimental group (n = 51)	19	37.25	3.232 (1.353, 7.719)
Female (n = 66)				0.542
Conventional group (n = 31)	9	29.03	1.00
Experimental group (n = 35)	10	28.57	1.324 (0.537, 3.263)
Age > 60 (n = 82)				0.008
Conventional group (n = 42)	7	16.67	1.00
Experimental group (n = 40)	15	37.50	3.425 (1.380, 8.497)
Age ≤ 60 (n = 84)
Conventional group (n = 38)	9	23.68	1.00	0.395
Experimental group (n = 46)	14	30.43	1.438 (0.622, 3.323)
Lesion size ≤ 0.5 cm (n = 119)				0.010
Conventional group (n = 54)	10	18.52	1.00
Experimental group (n = 65)	24	36.92	2.708 (1.263, 5.806)
Lesion size > 0.5 cm (n = 47)				0.794
Conventional group (n = 26)	6	23.08	1.00
Experimental group (n = 21)	5	23.81	1.181 (0.339, 4.119)
Lesion in upper thoracic esophagus (n = 20)				0.123
Conventional group (n = 8)	2	25.00	1.00
Experimental group (n = 12)	5	41.67	3.686 (0.701, 19.366)
Lesion in middle thoracic esophagus (n = 96)				0.245
Conventional group (n = 52)	12	23.08	1.00
Experimental group (n = 44)	13	29.55	1.596 (0.726, 3.506)
Lesion in lower thoracic esophagus (n = 50)				0.060
Conventional group (n = 20)	2	10.00	1.00
Experimental group (n = 30)	11	36.67	4.265 (0.943, 19.298)
Undergone esophageal ESD previously (n = 65)				0.078
Conventional group (n = 29)	5	17.24	1.00
Experimental group (n = 36)	12	33.3	2.386 (0.908, 6.267)
Not undergone esophageal ESD previously (n = 101)				0.076
Conventional group (n = 51)	11	21.57	1.00
Experimental group (n = 50)	17	34.00	2.100 (0.924, 4.772)
Lesion biopsy: Squamous epithelial hyperplasia (n = 151)				0.009
Conventional group (n = 74)	14	18.92	1.00
Experimental group (n = 77)	26	33.77	2.380 (1.238, 4.575)
Lesion biopsy: Low grade intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 15)				0.814
Conventional group (n = 6)	2	33.3	1.00
Experimental group (n = 9)	3	33.3	1.241 (0.206, 7.479)

HR: Hazard ratio; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.