Effect of vinegar supplementation on patients with esophageal lesions lightly stained with Lugol’s iodine solution: Prospective single-centre trial

Table 1 Characteristics of patients and lesions (intention-to-treat population), n (%)

Characteristics	Experimental group	Conventional group	P value
No. of participants	86	80
Age, mean ± SD, yr	59.84 ± 8.40	59.75 ± 9.21	0.9491
BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2	23.89 ± 3.35	23.49 ± 2.29	0.3721
Sex			0.7982
Male	51 (59.30)	49 (61.25)
Female	35 (40.70)	31 (38.75)
Basic diseases
Diabetes	9 (10.47)	8 (10.00)	0.9212
Hypertension	14 (16.28)	6 (7.50)	0.0832
Coronary heart disease	4 (4.65)	4 (5.00)	0.9162
Family history of esophageal cancer or stomach cancer			0.8002
No	67 (77.91)	61 (76.25)
Yes	19 (22.09)	19 (23.75)
Smoking			0.8992
No-smoker	46 (53.49)	42 (52.50)
Smoker	40 (46.51)	38 (47.50)
Smoking index			0.6182
≤ 200	15 (17.44)	11 (13.75)
200-400	14 (16.28)	13 (16.25)
≥ 400	11 (12.79)	14 (17.50)
Alcohol drinking			0.7122
No-drinker	39 (45.35)	34 (42.50)
Drinker	47 (54.65)	46 (57.50)
Alcohol ingestion, g/d			0.8332
≤ 20	23 (26.74)	20 (25.00)
20-60	13 (15.12)	13 (16.25)
≥ 60	11 (12.79)	13 (16.25)
Prefer hot dishes/hot tea			0.4592
No	50 (59.14)	51 (63.75)
Yes	36 (41.86)	29 (36.25)
Prefer spicy food			0.2272
No	76 (88.37)	75 (93.75)
Yes	10 (11.63)	5 (6.25)
Prefer pickled dishes			0.0952
No	77 (89.53)	77 (96.25)
Yes	9 (10.47)	3 (3.75)
Multiple Lugol’s voiding lesions			0.2082
No	52 (65.00)	57 (75.00)
Yes	28 (35.00)	19 (25.00)
Lesion location			0.1972
Upper thoracic esophagus	12 (13.95)	8 (10.00)
Middle thoracic esophagus	44 (51.16)	52 (65.00)
Lower thoracic esophagus	30 (34.88)	20 (25.00)
Maximum diameter			0.1342
Lesion size ≤ 0.5 cm	65 (75.58)	54 (67.50)
Lesion size > 0.5 cm	21 (24.42)	26 (32.50)
Morphology			0.3242
Quasi circular	31 (36.05)	30 (37.50)
Bar-type	3 (3.49)	7 (8.75)
Irregular shape	52 (60.47)	43 (53.75)
Biopsy pathology			0.5062
Squamous epithelial hyperplasia	77 (89.53)	74 (92.50)
Low grade intraepithelial neoplasia	9 (10.47)	6 (7.50)
Follow-up time	28.92 ± 6.04	30.48 ± 5.88	0.09581

¹Student’s t-test.

²Chi-squared test.

Multiple Lugol’s voiding lesions: ≥ 10 Lugol’s voiding lesions per endoscopic field of vision. Smoking index = length of smoking (year) × daily cigarette consumption. Alcohol ingestion = daily alcohol consumption (mL) × alcohol concentration × 0.8.