Comparative efficacy and safety between endoscopic submucosal dissection, surgery and definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with cT1N0M0 esophageal cancer

Table 2 Complications before and after inverse probability of treatment weighting adjustment of patients treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection, surgery and definitive chemoradiotherapy

Complication		Unmatched				IPTW
		d-CRT	ESD	Surgery	P value	d-CRT	ESD	Surgery	P value
		16	99	220		9	157	207
Radiation pneumonitis	No	15 (93.8)	99 (100.0)	220 (100.0)	< 0.001	9 (100.0)	157 (100.0)	207 (100.0)	0.783
	Yes	1 (6.2)	0	0		0	0	0
Aphonia	No	16 (100.0)	99 (100.0)	218 (99.1)	0.591	9 (100.0)	157 (100.0)	206 (99.5)	0.745
	Yes	0	0	2 (0.9)		0	0	1 (0.5)
Pneumothorax	No	16 (100.0)	99 (100.0)	214 (97.3)	0.203	9 (100.0)	157 (100.0)	203 (98.1)	0.537
	Yes	0	0	6 (2.7)		0	0	4 (1.9)
Dysphagia	No	15 (93.8)	99 (100.0)	219 (99.5)	0.01	9 (100.0)	157 (100.0)	206 (99.5)	0.439
	Yes	1 (6.2)	0	1 (0.5)		0	0	1 (0.5)
Anastomotic ulcer	No	16 (100.0)	99 (100.0)	215 (97.7)	0.265	9 (100.0)	157 (100.0)	204 (98.5)	0.58
	Yes	0	0	5 (2.3)		0	0	3 (1.5)
Pulmonary infection	No	16 (100.0)	99 (100.0)	206 (93.6)	0.022	9 (100.0)	157 (100.0)	197 (95.2)	0.308
	Yes	0	0	14 (6.4)		0	0	10 (4.8)
Anastomotic fistula	No	16 (100.0)	99 (100.0)	192 (87.3)	< 0.001	9 (100.0)	157 (100.0)	187 (90.3)	0.133
	Yes	0	0	28 (12.7)		0	0	20 (9.7)
Anastomotic or esophageal stenosis	No	13 (81.2)	95 (96.0)	181 (82.3)	0.004	9 (100.0)	132 (84.1)	178 (86.0)	0.734
	Yes	3 (18.8)	4 (4.0)	39 (17.7)		0	25 (15.9)	29 (14.0)
MOF	No	16 (100.0)	99 (100.0)	213 (96.8)	0.154	9 (100.0)	157 (100.0)	202 (97.6)	0.489
	Yes	0	0	7 (3.2)		0	0	5 (2.4)

Data are n (%). d-CRT: Definitive chemoradiotherapy; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; IPTW: Inverse probability of treatment weighting; MOF: Multiple organ failure.