Safety and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy for treating achalasia in pediatric and geriatric patients: A meta-analysis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the studies on peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia in pediatric patients

Ref.	Country	Study type	Study interval	Patients (n)	Gender (M:F)	Age (yr)	Duration of symptoms (month)	Myotomy length (cm)	Operation time (min)	Hospital stay (day)	Follow-up (month)	Method of GERD diagnosis
Li et al[19], 2015	China	Prospective	October 2011 to March 2014	9	4:5	14.1 (10-17)	26.4 (6-60)	8.3	56.7	-	16.3 (3-30)	Esophageal manometry, barium esophagram and EGD
Chen et al[20], 2015	China	Prospective	August 2010 to July 2012	27	11:16	13.8 (6-17)	20.4 (6-36)	9.6 (7-11)	39.4 (21-90)	3.2 (1-7)	24.6 (15-38)	EGD
Caldaro et al[21], 2015	Italy	Retrospective	2009 to 2014	9	3:6	12.2 ± 3.8	-	11 ± 2	62 ± 12.7	4.1 (2-7)	12.7 (5-28)	pH-monitoring and EGD
Tang et al[22], 2015	China	Retrospective	July 2012 to August 2014	5	3:2	15	12 (3-15)	8 (6-11)	50 (40-90)	7 (5-13)	18 (12-23)	EGD, mano-metry
Tan et al[23], 2016	China	Retrospective	January 2007 to June 2015	12	6:6	13.7 ± 2.6	23.6 ± 16.8	-	-	-	36	EGD, esophageal manometry
Stavropoulos et al[24], 2017	United States	Retrospective1	2013 to 2016	10	7:3	14.7 (10-17)	21 (3-84)	11.4 ± 5.98	55 (33-111)	1.2 (1-2)	15 (1-30)	-
Zangen et al[25], 2017	Israel	Retrospective1	-	5	2:3	15.4 (10- 18)	-	11.2 (10-14)	62 (43-73)	-	6	HRM
Kethman et al[26], 2018	United States	Prospective	2014 to 2016	10	8:2	13.4 ± 3.3	-	7 (4-9)	142 (60-259)	-	-	-
Miao et al[27], 2018	China	Prospective	October 2014 to October 2016	21	9:12	5.5 (0.9-18)	18 (3.6-30)	9 (6-11)	40 (30-55)	9 (7-12)	13.2 (3-24)	99mTc DTPA scintigraphic examinations, gastroscopy and esophageal manometry
Korrapati et al[28], 2018	India	Retrospective1	-	15	10:5	15 (3-18)	21.9 (6-54)	8 (6-11)	85.3 ± 31	4.4 ± 2.5	19.8 (1.5-51)	EGD
Nishimoto et al[29], 2018	Japan	Retrospective1	May 2015 to November 2017	13	-	15 (10-18)	-	-	-	-	18.3 (0-30)	-
Mangiola et al[30], 2018	Italy	Retrospective1	January 2012 to June 2017	26	12:14	10.9 (2-17)	18.2 ± 14.9	10 ± 2.6	56.2 ± 12.6	3.7 ± 1.7	30.2 ± 15.4	Manometry, 24 h pH-monitoring, and EGD
Yamashita et al[31], 2018	Japan	Retrospective1	September 2011 to June 2017	7	-	15.0 (9-18)	30.7 (1-84)	14 (7-24)	-	-	39.6 (18-54)	-
Choné et al[32], 2019	France	Retrospective	January 2012 to August 2018	117	69:48	14.2 (3.7)	21.3 (21.2)	8.3 (3-21)	72.5 (16-240)	3.9 (1-14)	18 (3.3-53.7)	-
Nabi et al[33], 2019	India	Retrospective	September 2013 to Jan 2018	44	22:21	14.58 ± 3.41	24 (2-96)	10.09 (5-15)	65.46 (18-240)	3 (2-4)	18 (1-53.1)	Symptoms, EGD and 24-h pH-impedance
Liu et al[34], 2019	China	Retrospective	August 2010 to August 2017	130	82:48	-	12 (0-13)	7.2 ± 1.4	30 (15-255)	3 (1-21)	40 (4-88)	Barium swallow, EGD and HRM
Saez et al[35], 2020	Chile	Retrospective	March 2017 to November 2019	5	4:1	11 (5-15)	-	9.8 (9-11)	70 (50-120)	2 (1-3)	20.5 (4 -37)	EGD and HRM
Wood et al[36], 2020	United States	Prospective	2014 to 2019.	21	14:7	13 (2-17)	-	7 ± 1.1	92 ± 52	1 ± 0.5	12	-
Peng et al[37], 2022	China	Retrospective	October 2011 to November 2016	24	14:10	14.42 ± 2.65	14.5 (3-84)	9 (5-10)	58.67 ± 19.10	6.42 ± 2.15	85.75 ± 25.91	Gerd Q score and EGD
Petrosyan et al[38], 2022	United States	Retrospective	July 2015 to September 2021	37	23:14	11.6 ± 4.5	-	6.5 ± 0.93	138.1 ± 62.2	2.4 ± 0.9	22.6 ± 20	-

¹Published conference abstracts.

M: Male; F: Female; POEM: Peroral endoscopic myotomy; pH: Potential of hydrogen; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; HRM: High resolution esophageal manometry; 99mTc DTPA: Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.