Prevalence and clinical risk factors for esophageal candidiasis in non-human immunodeficiency virus patients: A multicenter retrospective case-control study

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for esophageal candidiasis

Risk factor	Odds ratio	P value
Gender
Female	Reference
Male	1.28	0.269
Race and ethnicity
White	Reference
Black	1.50	0.080
Other1	2.55	0.041
Age	1.00	0.720
BMI1	0.99	0.209
Heavy alcohol use	0.51	0.059
GERD1	1.60	0.051
Transplant recipient	5.81	0.009
Immunosuppressive medication use1	0.87	0.746
Proton pump inhibitor use	1.66	0.030
Corticosteroid use	2.05	0.007
Tylenol use	1.57	0.092
Aspirin use	1.45	0.115

¹Immunosuppressive medication defined as chemotherapy, immunomodulator, calcineurin inhibitors, or biological therapies. BMI: Body mass index; Race and ethnicity other subcategory, includes Hispanic, Latine, Asian and not identified; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.