Disparities in colonoscopy utilization for lower gastrointestinal bleeding in rural vs urban settings in the United States

Table 5 Multivariable model of inpatient admission costs

Variable	Coefficient	95%CI		P value
		Lower	Upper
Rural	-$853.03	-$1059.62	-$646.44	< 0.0001
Colonoscopy
Yes	$2198.68	$2080.08	$2317.27	< 0.0001
No	Reference
Age
18-64	Reference
65-74	$353.75	$159.71	$547.79	< 0.0001
75-84	$569.47	$377.06	$761.87	< 0.0001
85+	$184.80	-$16.82	$386.42	0.072
Sex
Male	Reference
Female	-$487.40	-$606.30	-$368.49	< 0.0001
Race
White	Reference
Black	$1065.28	$903.76	$1226.81	< 0.0001
Hispanic	$571.60	$343.11	$800.10	< 0.0001
Asian	$2228.13	$1858.86	$2597.39	< 0.0001
Other	$938.42	$514.93	$1361.92	< 0.0001
Missing	-$223.19	-$492.88	$46.49	0.105
Payer
Medicare	Reference
Medicaid	$209.94	-$85.38	$505.27	0.164
Commercial	-$432.66	-$624.55	-$240.77	< 0.0001
Other	-$788.60	-$1105.57	-$471.62	< 0.0001
Missing	-1065.893	-2652.626	520.839	0.188
Hospital bed size
Small	-$418.08	-$590.47	-$245.70	< 0.0001
Medium	-$305.15	-$440.76	-$169.54	< 0.0001
Large	Reference
Teaching
No	Reference
Yes	$604.62	$477.91	$731.33	< 0.0001
Charlson comorbidity index	$601.63	$570.19	$633.06	< 0.0001
Intercept	$7859.86	$7642.30	$8077.41	< 0.0001