Disparities in colonoscopy utilization for lower gastrointestinal bleeding in rural vs urban settings in the United States

Table 3 Multivariable model of mortality

Variable	OR	95%CI		P value
		Lower	Upper
Rural	1.050	0.888	1.242	0.567
Colonoscopy
Yes	0.498	0.446	0.557	< 0.0001
No	Reference
Age
18-64	Reference
65-74	0.939	0.780	1.130	0.504
75-84	1.333	1.121	1.584	0.001
85+	2.132	1.797	2.530	< 0.0001
Sex
Male	Reference
Female	0.828	0.749	0.915	< 0.0001
Race
White	Reference
Black	0.961	0.835	1.106	0.579
Hispanic	0.694	0.556	0.867	0.001
Asian	1.063	0.784	1.443	0.693
Other	0.960	0.665	1.385	0.826
Missing	0.944	0.750	1.187	0.621
Payer
Medicare	Reference
Medicaid	0.941	0.718	1.235	0.662
Commercial	0.834	0.695	1.002	0.052
Other	0.774	0.556	1.077	0.129
Missing	0.538	0.074	3.905	0.540
Hospital bed size
Small	0.911	0.786	1.057	0.218
Medium	0.966	0.862	1.083	0.552
Large	Reference
Teaching
No	Reference
Yes	0.987	0.887	1.099	0.813
Charlson comorbidity index	1.239	1.215	1.263	< 0.0001