Disparities in colonoscopy utilization for lower gastrointestinal bleeding in rural vs urban settings in the United States

Table 2 Results of multivariable model of colonoscopy utilization

Variable	OR	95%CI		P value
		Lower	Upper
Rural	0.730	0.705	0.757	< 0.0001
Age
18-64	Reference
65-74	0.978	0.946	1.010	0.177
75-84	0.986	0.954	1.018	0.384
85+	0.826	0.798	0.855	< 0.0001
Sex
Male	Reference
Female	0.956	0.937	0.976	< 0.0001
Race
White	Reference
Black	1.224	1.191	1.258	< 0.0001
Hispanic	1.206	1.160	1.253	< 0.0001
Asian	1.222	1.148	1.301	< 0.0001
Other	1.158	1.078	1.244	< 0.0001
Missing	1.107	1.057	1.159	< 0.0001
Payer
Medicare	Reference
Medicaid	0.986	0.938	1.037	0.590
Commercial	1.068	1.034	1.103	< 0.0001
Other	1.076	1.020	1.135	0.007
Missing	0.763	0.579	1.004	0.053
Hospital bed size
Small	0.899	0.873	0.925	< 0.0001
Medium	0.919	0.898	0.940	< 0.0001
Large	Reference
Teaching
No	Reference
Yes	0.951	0.931	0.972	< 0.0001
Charlson comorbidity index	0.949	0.944	0.955	< 0.0001