Role of endoscopic ultrasound and cyst fluid tumor markers in diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions

Table 7 Cystic fluid analysis of malignant/potentially and benign cysts

Variable	Benign group(n = 45)	Malignant group(n = 31)	P value
Mucin stain positivity	2 (4.4%)	27 (87.1%)	< 0.0001
Number (%)
Glucose (mg/dl)	21.5 (4-45)	68.5 (47-87)	0.0001
median (IQR)
IL1b (pg/mL)	0.37 (0.58)	0.34 (0.45)	0.845
(median, IQR)
CA 72-4 (U/mL)	6.36 (9.7)	7.4 (7.6)	0.323
(median, IQR)
VEGF-A (pg/ml)	707.8 (1056)	736.9 (2262)	0.866
(median, IQR)
VEGFR2 (pg/ml)	2.5 (5.3)	1.3 (3)	0.281
(median, IQR)
SPINK1 (ng/ml)	0.91 (0.41-1.45)	0.47 (0.3-0.72)	0.001
median (IQR)
PGE2 (pg/ml)	307.2 (131)	409.7 (176)	0.121
(median, IQR)
CF amylase (U/L)	130.5 (353)	3060 (5191)	0.034
(median, IQR)
CF CEA (ng/ml)	6.4 (234)	15.8 (2532)	0.004
(median, IQR)
CEA (> 192 ng/mL)	15	5	0.001

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CF: Cyst fluid; IQR: Interquartile range; VEGFR2: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; SPINK1: Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1.