Laparoscopic Janeway gastrostomy as preferred enteral access in specific patient populations: A systematic review and case series

Table 3 Literature reported cases of open gastrostomies

Ref.	Evidence rating	Case	Outcomes	Complications
McGovern et al[21], 1984	3	n = 14 children (> 7lb); Severe cerebral palsy without pharyngeal musculature coordination and risk of aspiration	ORT: N/M, MUTs: N/M	C: GT stenosis treated with dilation: 7.14% (n = 1); Stomal granulations treated with cautery: 7.14% (n = 1); Mortality: 0; D: N/M; R: N/M
Laughlin et al[20], 1989	3	n = 5 pt. Advanced esophageal cancer; Age/gender: N/M	ORT/MUTs: N/M	C: Stomal tip necrosis with stomal stenosis: 20% (n = 1); Mortality: 0; D: N/M; R: N/M
Vassilopoulos et al[11], 1998	3	n = 24 pt (21M; 3F); Age average: 67.19 yr; Advanced head/neck cancer; Advanced UGI malignancy: 1.2% (n = 5); Prior UGI surgery: 0.48% (n = 2)	ORT: < 40 min; MUTs: N/M	C: Midline wound SSI treated with antibiotics: 16.6% (n = 4); Mortality: 0; D: N/M; R: N/M
Koivusalo et al[15], 2006	33	n = 4 pt; Age = 0-6 yr; Recurrent gastrostomy prolapses and peristomal infection undergoing modified OJG revision; 3: OSG to 2 closure + PEG; 1: Initial PEG; Prior abdominal surgeries (OGT/PEG)	MUTs: 9 mo	C: 0;D: N/M; R: N/M content
Abdel-Lah et al[16], 2006	3	Total procedure 287: JT: 46% (n = 167); SG: 18% (n = 40); OJG: 4% (n = 8); SNY double lumen: 32% (n = 72); Head & neck cancer; Total permanent gastrostomies n = 27: Balloon catheter/Fontan (LE < 37 d): n = 19; OJG (LE > 6 mo): n = 8	MUTs; JG = 164 d	Morbidity 12.5% (n = 5): D (Migration)/peristomal abrasion- no fixation to parietal peritoneum; Mortality (open jejunostomy) 4.2% (n = 12); Esophageal 3% ( n = 9); Esophagojejunal: 1.2% (n = 3); R: N/M
Tous Romero et al[19], 2012	2	n = 57 pt; Age average: 57, 51 yr 10 LJG, 47 OJG; Esophageal cancer: 38.6% (n = 22); Head & neck: 26.3% n = 15); Neuro deficit: 26.3% (n = 15)	ORT/MUTs: N/M	Gastric content leakage: 89.4% (n = 42); Abd wall irritation: 83% (n = 39); No C: 2.1% (n = 1); Exudate: 23.4% (n = 11); Granuloma: 4.3% (n = 4); Balloon rupture: 21.3% (n = 10); Loss of peristomal content: 17% (n = 8)

C: Complications; CXT: Chemotherapy; D: Dislodgement; DPr: Duodenal perforation; F: Female; M=Male; GT: Gastric tube; GC: Great curvature; LJG: Laparoscopic Janeway gastrostomy; JT: Jejunostomy tubes; LE: Life expectancy; MUTs: Mean usage times; n: Number of patients; N/M: Not mentioned; OCh: Open cholecystectomy; OJG: Open Janeway gastrostomy; ORT: Operating time; Pt: Patients; OSG: Open stamm gastrostomy; PCJ: Pancreatic cyst jejunostomy; R: Replacement; RXT: Radiotherapy; SG: Stamm gastrostomy; SCC: Squamous cell carcinoma; SSI: Surgical site infection; UGI: Upper gastrointestinal.