Gastric intestinal metaplasia development in African American predominant United States population

Table 2 Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model results for gastric intestinal metaplasia formation over time

Predictor	GIM
	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.04 (1.02, 1.05)	< 0.001
Age (ref: ≤ 45)
46-55	2.13 (1.08, 4.19)	0.028
56-65	2.09 (1.08, 4.03)	0.029
> 65	4.03 (2.17, 7.48)	< 0.001
Female	0.81 (0.58, 1.14)	0.229
Race/Ethnicity (ref: Caucasians)
African American	2.12 (1.16, 3.87)	0.015
Hispanic	2.79 (1.09, 7.13)	0.032
Other	3.19 (1.50, 6.76)	0.003
Obesity (BMI > 30)	0.58 (0.38, 0.88)	0.010
Gastritis	1.62 (1.07, 2.44)	0.022
H. pylori (ref: Baseline: Neg, follow-up: Neg)
Baseline: Neg, follow-up: Pos	0.88 (0.45, 1.7)	0.695
Baseline: Pos, follow-up: Neg	1.16 (0.7, 1.94)	0.563
Baseline: Pos, follow-up: Pos	1.02 (0.37, 2.8)	0.966
PPI Usage at follow-up	0.81 (0.57, 1.14)	0.225
PPI Usage Baseline	0.80 (0.54, 1.20)	0.280
Aspirin Use at follow-up (81 mg)	1.49 (1.04, 2.14)	0.031
Aspirin Use Baseline (81 mg)	1.45 (0.98, 2.13)	0.063
Smoking status (ref: Never)
Previous smoker	1.35 (0.89, 2.04)	0.161
Current smoker	1.01 (0.61, 1.68)	0.972
Blood group (ref: Group A)
Blood group B	1.07 (0.56, 2.07)	0.835
Blood group O	0.66 (0.38, 1.14)	0.135
Blood group AB	0.24 (0.03, 1.77)	0.161
Haemoglobin level at follow-up	1.00 (0.92, 1.09)	0.962
Haemoglobin level at baseline	0.83 (0.74, 0.93)	0.001

GIM: Gastric intestinal metaplasia; HR: Hazard ratio; BMI: Body mass index; PPI: Proton pump inhibitors; Neg: Negative; Pos: Positive.