Gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the setting of gastrointestinal cancer: Anatomical prevalence, predictors, and interventions

Table 6 The results of multivariate analysis showing the odds ratio of inpatient mortality associated with different interventions (endoscopy, surgery, embolization, radiation)

		GI bleeding patients with cancer
		All GI Ca	Esophageal Ca	Gastric Ca	Hepatic Ca	Biliary Ca	Gallbladder Ca	Pancreatic Ca	Small bowel Ca	Colorectal Ca
Mortality aOR (95%CI)	Endoscopy	0.42 (0.38-0.46)	0.42 (0.31-0.57)	0.42 (0.32-0.54)	0.36 (0.29-0.43)	0.43 (0.28-0.66)	0.71 (0.24-2.11)	0.36 (0.29-0.44)	1.19 (0.59-2.43)	0.45 (0.38-0.54)
	Surgery	0.97 (0.84-1.13)	-	1.73 (1.00-3.00)	1.30 (0.67-2.53)	-	-	0.85 (0.49-1.48)	2.26 (0.95-5.36)	1.33 (1.09-1.62)
	Trans-arterial embolization	1.35 (1.02-1.80)	-	1.46 (0.81-2.62)	1.12 (0.55-2.30)	-	-	0.98 (0.56-1.69)	-	2.52 (1.23-5.15)
	Radiation therapy	0.55 (0.29-1.05)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Bold values: Statistically significant (P < 0.05). Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval; empty cells indicate that analysis for the corresponding intervention was not performed due to the insufficient sample size; multivariate logistic regression of outcome (mortality) was performed using the backward stepwise method to determine statistically significant factors; variables included in the analysis: Age, female, race, income, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, cirrhosis and liver failure, intestinal infection, metastasis, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, radiation gastroenteritis, palliative care, hypovolemic shock, endoscopy, surgery, embolization, and radiation therapy. GI: Gastrointestinal. CI: Confidence interval; Ca: Cancer; OR: Odds ratio.