Dilation assisted stone extraction for complex biliary lithiasis: Technical aspects and practical principles

Table 1 Main characteristics across different studies of patients underwent to endoscopic large balloon papillary dilation

Ref.	Study design	EPLBD/EST patients, n°	Stone dimension, cut off, mm	EST prior EPLBD	Dilation time after waist disappearance, s	CBD clearance at first session, EPLBD/EST, %	EML, EPLBD/EST, %	AEs, EPLBD/EST, %
Li et al[51], 2018	Retrospective, single center	161-60	≥ 10	Complete	60	98.8/98.3	18/28.3	6.8/6.7
Karsenti et al[12], 2017	Prospective, randomized, multicentric	77-73	≥ 13	Complete	Na	96.1/74	3.9-35.6	8.1-9.3
Kuo et al[29], 2019	Retrospective, single center	58-31	≥ 15	Partial	120	98.3/83.9	3.4-10.4	3.4-12.9
Teoh et al[33], 2013	Prospective, randomized, multicentric	73-78	≥ 13	Partial	30	89–88.8	28.8-46.2	6.8-10.3
Jun Bo et al[34], 2013	Prospective, randomized, single center	63-69	≥ 15	Partial	30	80.9-60.8	7.9-24.6	11.6-7.9
Kogure et al[25], 2020	Prospective, randomized, multicentric	86-85	≥ 12	None	< 10	90.7-78.8	30.2-48.2	9.3-9.4
Our experience (2016-2020)	Retrospective, unpublished	72-83	≥ 15	Complete	30	88-79.1	6.4-5.5	10.3-10

AEs: Adverse events; CBD: Common bile duct; EML: Endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy; EPLBD: Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy.