Anticoagulation and antiplatelet management in gastrointestinal endoscopy: A review of current evidence

Table 54 Endoscopic submucosal dissection

Ref.	Year	Country	Study design	n	Procedure	Medication	Relative risk
Igarashi et al[56]	2017	Japan	Retrospective	30	ESD	DOAC (ceased 3-7 d before)	Incidence of PPB 10.0% (warfarin and DOAC combined)
Sato et al[57]	2017	Japan	Retrospective	18	ESD	DOAC (ceased 24-48 h before)	Incidence of PPB 5.6%
Yoshio et al[132]	2017	Japan	Retrospective	24	ESD	DOAC: (1) Rivaroxaban/Apixaban ceased 2 d before; (2) Dabigatran ceased 1-2 d before	Incidence of PPB on Rivaroxaban 45.5%. No incidence of PPB on dabigatran or apixaban
Kono et al[58]	2018	Japan	Retrospective	872	ESD	DOAC either: (1) Ceased 1-3 d before; (2) Ceased 2 d before with HBT	DOACs ceased 1-3 d before without HBT group: (1) Incidence of PPB 6.4%; (2) Warfarin and DOACs with HBT: Incidence of PPB 29%
Yamashita et al[60]	2018	Japan	Retrospective	650	ESD	DOAC (ceased morning of)	Incidence of PPB 22.2%
Harada et al[61]	2020	Japan	Retrospective	25	ESD	DOAC (ceased 1 d before ± HBT)	Incidence of PPB 16%

DOAC: Direct oral anticoagulant; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; HBT: Heparin bridging therapy; OR: Odds ratio; PPB: Post-procedural bleeding.