Anticoagulation and antiplatelet management in gastrointestinal endoscopy: A review of current evidence

Table 48 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy insertion

Ref.	Year	Country	Study design	n	Procedure	Medication	Relative risk
Lee et al[123]	2013	South Korea	Retrospective	71	PEG	Warfarin (continuation or cessation details N/S)	Study findings expressed as an OR. Increased risk of PPB with anticoagulant use (OR: 7.26, 95%CI: 2.23-23.68, P = 0.001)
Singh et al[98]	2012	United States	Retrospective	326	PEG	Warfarin ± HBT	Without HBT group: (1) Incidence of PPB 5.4% (without HBT); (2) Increased risk of PPB without HBT (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.47-2.49, P = 0.860). HBT group: (1) Incidence of PPB with HBT 7.9% (11/140); (2) Increased risk of PPB with HBT (OR: 2.66, 95%CI: 1.18-5.99, P = 0.018)
Lozoya-González et al[99]	2012	Mexico	Retrospective	91	PEG	Warfarin either: (1) Ceased > 48h with HBT before; (2) Ceased 1-5 d before	No incidence of PPB

N/S: Not stated; OR: Odds ratio; PEG: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; HBT: Heparin bridging therapy; PPB: Post-procedural bleeding.