Anticoagulation and antiplatelet management in gastrointestinal endoscopy: A review of current evidence

Table 41 Diagnostic endoscopy and colonoscopy with biopsy

Ref.	Year	Country	Study design	n	Procedure	Medication	Relative risk
Fujita et al[5]	2015	Japan	Retrospective	47	Endoscopic biopsy	Warfarin (continued)	No incidence of PPB. Risk of immediate/intraprocedural bleeding 4.3%
Ara et al[6]	2015	Japan	Prospective	3758	Endoscopic biopsy	Warfarin either: (1) Continued; (2) Ceased before	No incidence of PPB on continuous or Warfarin cessation
Ono et al[104]	2012	Japan	Prospective	101	Endoscopic biopsy	Warfarin (continued)	No Incidence of PPB
Yuki et al[7]	2017	Japan	Prospective	277	Endoscopic biopsy	Warfarin (continued)	No incidence of PPB
Kono et al[105]	2017	Japan	Prospective	221	Endoscopic biopsy	Warfarin (continued)	No incidence of PPB when on warfarin monotherapy

PPB: Post-procedural bleeding.