Age, socioeconomic features, and clinical factors predict receipt of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatic cancer

Table 4 Multivariable analysis of use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

	Adjusted OR of receiving ERCP (95%CI)
Sex
Male	1.00 (REF)
Female	1.03 (0.96-1.11)
Age
65-75	1.00 (REF)
76+	0.88 (0.82-0.95)
Marital status
Married	1.00 (REF)
Not married	0.90 (0.85-0.97)
Race
White	1.00 (REF)
Black	0.92 (0.82-1.04)
Other	0.83 (0.70-0.97)
Education (zip code)
> 50% high school only	1.14 (1.04-1.24)
> 50% some college	1.00 (REF)
Income (zip code)
< 75th percentile	1.10 (1.00-1.20)
> 75th percentile	1.00 (REF)
Year of diagnosis
2000-2003	1.00 (REF)
2004-2007	0.85 (0.78-0.92)
2008-2011	0.76 (0.70-0.83)
Metropolitan area
Metropolitan area	1.00 (REF)
Non-metropolitan area	0.87 (0.79-0.97)
United States region
Southeast	1.00 (REF)
Northeast	1.07 (0.96-1.20)
Midwest	0.96 (0.86-1.09)
West Coast	1.03 (0.93-1.13)
Comorbid conditions
Charlson score 0	1.00 (REF)
Charlson score 1	1.06 (0.98-1.15)
Charlson score 2	0.96 (0.86-1.07)
Charlson score 3+	0.99 (0.88-1.11)
Cancer site
Body or tail	1.00 (REF)
Head of the Pancreas	3.27 (2.99-3.57)
Symptoms1
Jaundice	7.59 (7.06-8.17)
Cholangitis	4.22 (3.71-4.81)
Pruritus	1.42 (1.22-1.66)
SEER historic stage
Localized	1.00 (REF)
Regional	1.01 (0.89-1.14)
Distant	0.52 (0.46-0.58)
Unstaged	0.85 (0.73-1.00)
Cancer directed therapies1
Chemotherapy	1.39 (1.28-1.51)
Radiation	1.21 (1.11-1.33)
Surgery	0.82 (0.73-0.92)

¹Referent category is not having those symptoms, conditions or treatments. Other race is neither white nor black race. Not married includes single, divorced and widowed. Metropolitan area defined as counties in metropolitan areas with population of 250000 or more. High income defined as > 75^th percentile of income, or $74147. Low income defined as < 75^th percentile or $74147. High education defined as living in a zip code where > 50% of the population has completed some college or more. Low education is defined as living in a zip code where > 50% of the population has no college education. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.