Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of the biliary system: Techniques, indications and future perspectives

Table 1 Outcome of endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage

First Author, Yr	Type of study	Type of malignant obstruction	Number patients	Technical Success rate	ClinicalSuccess rate	Adverse events
Kanno et al[40], 2018	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP/inaccessible papilla	Unresectable	99	98%	93%	Overall: 10%
Rai et al[38], 2018	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP or duodenal obstruction	(1) Unresectable; and (2) Distal	30	93.3%	93.3%	(1) Overall: 10%; and (2) 83% stent patency (3 mo)
Alvarez-Sánchez et al[37], 2018	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	(1) With/out ascites; and (2) Distal or proximal	31; Ascites: 11	100%	(1) No ascites: 95%; and (2) Ascites: 64%	(1) No ascites: 20%; and (2) Ascites: 9%
Iwashita et al[36], 2017	(1) Prospective, single center; and (2) Altered anatomy	Unresectable	20	95%	95%	20%
Minaga et al[52], 2017	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	(1) Unresectable; and (2) Hilar obstruction	30	96.7%	75.9%	(1) Early: 10%; and (2) Late: 23.3%
Makmun et al[41], 2017	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	Distal and proximal	24	100%	79.1%	16.7%
Ogura et al[53], 2017	(1) Retrospective, single center; Failed ERCP	Hilar obstruction	10	100%	90%	0%
Lu et al[42], 2017	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	Distal and proximal	24	95.8%	100%	13%
Cho et al[51], 2017	(1) Prospective; and (2) Failed ERCP		54	100%	94.4%	16.6%
Amano et al[48], 2017	Prospective		20	100%		15%
Kunda et al[43], 2016	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	(1) Unresectable; and (2) Distal	57	98.2%	94.7%	7%
Nakai et al[61], 2016	(1) Retrospective, multicenter; and (2) Primary EUS	(1) Unresectable Distal and proximal	33	100%	100%	9%
Guo et al[44], 2016	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP		21	100%	100%	19%
Khashab et al[45], 2016	(1) Prospective, multicenter; and (2) Failed ERCP	Distal	96	95.8%	89.5%	(1) 10.5%; and (2) 86% stent patency (1 yr)
Ogura et al[49], 2016	Retrospective, single center		39			(1) CDS: 6%; and (2) HGS: 2%
Dhir et al[34], 2015	(1) Retrospective, multicenter; and (2) Failed ERCP		104	95.%	90.9%	6.8%
Park et al[47], 2015	(1) Prospective, randomized; and (2) After failed ERCP	Distal and proximal	22	(1) CDS: 92%; and (2) HGS: 100%	(1) CDS: 92%; and (2) HGS: 100%	(1) Early CDS: 25% vs HGS: 0%; and (2) Late CDS: 8.3% vs HGS: 25%
Artifon et al[50], 2015	(1) Prospective, randomized, single center; Failed ERCP	Distal	49	(1) CDS: 91%; HGS: 96%	(1) CDS: 77%; HGS: 91%	(1) CDS: 12.5%; and (2) HGS: 20%
Dhir et al[33], 2014	(1) Retrospective, multicenter; and (2) Failed ERCP	Distal and proximal	68	95.6%		20.6%
Kawakubo et al[32], 2014	(1) Retrospective, multicenter; and (2) Failed ERCP	Unresectable Proximal and distal	64	95%		19%
Song et al[21], 2014	(1) Prospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	Proximal and distal	27	100%	96.3%	18.5%
Prachayakul et al[35], 2013	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	Proximal and distal	22	95.2%	90.5%	9.5%
Hara et al[62], 2013	(1) Prospective , single center; and (2) First line	Distal	18	95%	95%	11%
Khashab et al[45], 2013	(1) Retrospective, multicenter; and (2) Failed ERCP	Distal	35	97%	94%	12%
Kim et al[27], 2012	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	Proximal and distal	13	92.3%	91.7%
Iwashita et al[30], 2012	(1) Retrospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP		40	73%		13%
Song et al[21], 2012	(1) Prospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	Distal	15	86.7%	100%	23.1%
Hara et al[19], 2011	(1) Prospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	Distal	18	94%	100%	17%
Ramírez-Luna et al[18], 2011	(1) Prospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP or PTC		11	91%	90%	n = 2
Fabbri et al[16], 2011	(1) Prospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	Proximal and distal	16	100%	75%	6.3%
Park et al[11], 2009	(1) Prospective, single center; and (2) Failed ERCP	Distal	14	100%	100%

EH: Extrahepatic; IH: Intrahepatic; AG: Antegrade; CDS: Choledochoduodenostomy; HGS: Hepaticogastrostomy; RV: Rendezvous; GG: Gastro-gallbladder; HES: Hepaticoesophageostomy; SEMS: Self-expandable metal.