Gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection via gastrostoma before the second operation for esophageal perforation: A case report

Table 1 Cases of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection performed in combination via routes other than the mouth

Ref.	Asano et al[3]	Tokumo et al[4]	Nishiwaki et al[5]	Delius et al[6]	Storm et al[7]	Sasaki
Year	1993	1997	2005	2008	2016	2018
EMR/ESD	EMR	EMR	ESD	ESD	ESD	ESD
Subject	Human	Human	Human	Pig	Pig	Human
Number	1	10	2	10	3	1
Use of an oral endoscope	Traction	EMR	ESD	ESD	ESD	None
Use of a gastrostoma	EMR	Traction	Auxiliary endoscope	Traction	Traction	ESD and Traction
Diameter of the gastrostoma (mm)	8	2.6	8	2.5	10, 16	9.3
Period from PEG to EMR/ESD	3 wk	Immediate	3 wk	Immediate	Immediate	7 wk1
Gastropexy	Used	Used	None	None	None	Used

¹This period was required to expand the fistula diameter from 6.7 to 9.3 mm. EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; PEG: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.