Impact of the timing of capsule endoscopy in overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding on yield and rebleeding rate - is sooner than 14 d advisable?

Table 2 Patient characteristics according to the system of capsule endoscopy used n (%)

No. of patients (n = 115)	All	Given® (n = 32, 27.8)	Mirocam® (n = 83, 72.2)	P value1
Time to CE after OOGIB, mean ± SD, d	48.9 ± 161.5	51 ± 119.1	48.1 ± 175.8	0.93
Age, mean ± SD, yr	65.1 ± 14.6	60.8 ± 16.9	66.8 ± 13.3	0.08
Female sex	59 (51.3)	18 (56.2)	41 (49.4)	0.51
Comorbidities
Cardiovascular disease	61 (53)	15 (46.9)	46 (55.4)	0.41
Renal disease	20 (17.4)	3 (9)	17 (20.5)	0.16
Hepatic disease	8 (7)	2 (6)	6 (7)	0.85
Tumour	7 (6.1)	1 (3)	6 (7)	0.41
Previous abdominal surgeries	27 (23.5)	5 (16)	22 (26.5)	0.22
Drugs
Anti-platelet drugs	49 (42.6)	12 (37.5)	37 (44.6)	0.49
Anticoagulation	25 (21.7)	7 (21.9)	18 (21.7)	0.98
NSAIDs	10 (8.7)	4 (12.5)	6 (7)	0.37
Melena	63 (54.8)	21 (65.6)	42 (50.6)	0.15
Hematochezia	52 (45.2)	11 (34.4)	41 (49.4)	0.15
On-going OOGIB	62 (53.9)	7 (21.9)	55 (66.3)	< 0.001
Hg at admission, mean ± SD, g/dL	8.91 ± 6.24	8.94 ± 2.77	8.94 ± 7.14	0.99
INR at admission, mean ± SD	1.61 ± 1.18	1.55 ± 0.81	1.64 ± 1.29	0.72
Packed RBC transfusions, mean ± SD, units	1.41 ± 1.31	1.28 ± 1.42	1.45 ± 1.27	0.55
Inpatient	78 (67.8)	18 (56.2)	60 (72.3)	0.01
Timing of CE
≤ 48 h	39 (33.9)	4 (12.5)	35 (42.2)	0.009
48 h-14 d	35 (30.4)	14 (43.75)	21 (25.3)
≥ 14 d	41 (35.7)	14 (43.75)	27 (32.5)

¹t-test: χ² test, as appropriate; P value of 0.05 indicating statistical significance. CE: Capsule endoscopy; SD: Standard deviations; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OOGIB: Overt-obscure gastrointestinal bleeding; Hg: Hemoglobin; INR: International normalized ratio; RBC: Red blood cells.