Screening and surveillance methods for dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease patients: Where do we stand?

Table 1 Colorectal cancer risk factors and surveillance

High risk factors

Annual surveillance

Extensive colonic involvement (pancolitis, CD with > 50% colonic involvement)

Moderate-severe endoscopic or histological active inflammation sustained over time

PSC

Disease commencing at age < 15 yr

Family history of sporadic CRC in a first-degree relative < 50 yr

Presence of a stricture or dysplasia detected during the previous 5 yr

High risk factors in case of pouch existence

Dysplasia

Previous CRC

Type C mucosa

Intermediate risk

Every three years surveillance

Mild or moderate endoscopic/histological inflammation sustained over time

Family history of sporadic CRC in a first-degree relative older than 50 yr

Presence of inflammatory polyps

Low risk factors

Every five years surveillance

Pancolitis without inflammation

Left-sided UC or CD with < 50% colonic involvement

CRC: Colorectal cancer; CD: Crohn’s disease; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; UC: Ulcerative colitis.