Role of pregnane X-receptor in regulating bacterial translocation in chronic liver diseases

Figure 2 Illustration of counter-regulatory mechanisms existing between nuclear factor kappa B and pregnane X receptor. A: The p-65 subunit of NF-κB binds to the RXR unit of PXR heterodimer complex and represses its transcriptional activity; B: Activated PXR binds to the promoter region of IκBα and increases its transcription leading to indirect repression of NF-κB; C: After activation through its ligands, PXR suppresses the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα and thus indirectly represses NF-κB activity. NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; PXR: Pregnane X receptor; RXR: Retinoid X receptor; TLR: Toll like receptor.