Retrocaval liver lifting maneuver and modifications of total hepatic vascular exclusion for liver tumor resection

Figure 1 Abdominal computed tomography scan images of cases 1-4. A: Case 1: Lumen of the IVC compressed by a huge right liver tumor with expansive growth; B: Case 2: A large right liver tumor involving the right aspect of the IVC and the confluence of middle and left hepatic veins; C: Case 3: Two tumors were present, a right liver tumor involving the right portal vein and the portal vein bifurcation, and another tumor occupying the cranial part of segments 4 and 8 and involving the left aspect of the trunk of the middle and left hepatic veins; D: Case 4: A tumor involving the right dorsal aspect of the IVC and its confluence of the right hepatic vein. IVC: Inferior vena cava.