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©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Hepatol. Feb 8, 2016; 8(4): 231-262
Published online Feb 8, 2016. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i4.231
Published online Feb 8, 2016. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i4.231
Table 8 Different classification systems for portal hypertensive gastropathy
Ref. | Mild | Moderate | Severe |
McCormack et al[3] | Fine pink speckling (scarlatina type rash) | Discrete red spots (analogous to cherry | |
Superficial reddening, especially on rugal surface (striped appearance) | red spots in esophagus) | ||
Fine white reticular pattern separating areas of raised edematous mucosa (snake skin) | Diffuse hemorrhagic gastritis | ||
McCormick et al[7] | Mosaic or snake skin appearance | Presence of erythema | Presence of erosions or hemorrhagic gastritis |
Tanoue et al[180] | Mild reddening, congestive mucosa, no mosaic - like pattern | Severe redness and a fine reticular pattern separating the areas of raised edematous mucosa (mosaic-like pattern) or a fine speckling | Grade III (severe) |
Point bleeding + grade II (moderate) | |||
Spina et al[70] (NIEC) | Mosaic-pattern: Presence of small, | Red point lesions (1 mm in diameter, flat) | |
polygonal areas surrounded by a | Cherry-red spots (2 mm, slight protrusion) | ||
whitish-yellow depressed border | Black-brown spots (irregularly shaped, persistently present after washing) | ||
Sarin et al[8] | Discrete cherry red spots, with or without mosaic pattern | Presence of confluent red spots, diffusely distributed in a large portion of the stomach | |
Sarin et al[181] (Baveno II Consensus Workshop)[181] | Mild ≤ 3 points1 | Severe ≥ 4 points1 | |
Gastric antral ectasia | |||
Absent (0) | |||
Present (2) | |||
Yoo et al[182] | Fine pink speckling (scarlatina type rash) | Discrete red spots | |
2-category classification | Superficial reddening | Diffuse hemorrhagic lesion | |
Mosaic pattern | |||
Yoo et al[182] | Mild reddening | Flat red spot in center of a pink areola | Diffusely red areola |
3-category classification | Congestive mucosa | Severe redness and a fine reticular pattern | Pinpoint bleeding |
Diffuse pink areola | Discrete or confluent red mark lesion |
- Citation: Gjeorgjievski M, Cappell MS. Portal hypertensive gastropathy: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, natural history and therapy. World J Hepatol 2016; 8(4): 231-262
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v8/i4/231.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v8.i4.231